本文将mark下Zoned Namespace SSD。

Prerequisite

What

Zoned Namespaces是NVMe规范中的一套新命令集(Zoned Namespace Command Set),该命令集暴露了一套接口(zoned block storage interface)给主机,该接口将其容量划分为多个Zone,在每个Zone内允许随机读,但只允许顺序写。这样的设计简化了SSD内部的数据放置策略,能够让写入的数据与物理介质对齐,并能够优化吞吐量、QoS、容量、寿命等。但用好这种读写接口需要用户软件层的额外适配。支持 Zoned Namespaces 命令集的SSD便成为Zone Namespaces SSD(ZNS SSD)。

特性

  1. 将LBA分成了很多个独立的zone。
  2. 在每个zone内部只能够顺序写入,可以随机读取,擦除操作只能够以一整个zone为单位reset。
  3. 主机和SSD之间协同进行空间管理,可以保证zone和物理介质的对齐。
  4. 需要主机来主动管理SSD上数据的垃圾回收。

Why

OP(Over-Provisioning) is the technology that assigns a certain portion of the SSD’s capacity exclusively to the controller to allow the SSD to perform Garbage Collection (GC) more efficiently, helping to maintain steady state performance (sustained performance) and extend the SSD’s endurance and lifetime.

DSM vs FDP vs ZNS

Summary

  • ZNS SSDs enable higher performance and lower-cost-per-byte flash-based SSDs.
  • By shifting responsibilities for managing data placement within erase blocks from FTLs to host software, ZNS eliminates the need for fine-grained indirection table, garbage collection, and media over-provisioning.

参考资料:

  1. Zone Namespace SSD
  2. 千问对话
  3. Optimizing SSD Performance for Edge AI NVMe Dataset Management Insights
  4. ZNS: Avoiding the Block Interface Tax for Flash-based SSDs
  5. ZNS+: Advanced Zoned Namespace Interface for Supporting In-Storage Zone Compaction
  6. Understanding NVMe Zoned Namespace (ZNS) Flash SSD Storage Devices
  7. eZNS: An Elastic Zoned Namespace for Commodity ZNS SSDs